This course addresses the urgent need to define ethical and legal frameworks for the development and use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) during what many experts consider a critical turning point in history. It emphasizes the role of political institutions in creating a minimal yet effective set of normative constraints, supported by a continuous, evidence-based process of critical discussion and revision. The course advocates for inclusive, proactive engagement from diverse stakeholders to counterbalance the concentration of power in private and military sectors. It introduces five key problem domains in AI ethics, offering practical recommendations, with a special focus on initiating action within the European Union.