This course examines the legislative process behind the EU Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act), offering a critical and empirical analysis of the decisions that shaped its final form. It explores how institutional dynamics and political compromises influenced the level of fundamental rights protection. By tracing the roles of the European Commission, Parliament, and Council, the course highlights the impact of their differing mandates and the fast-paced negotiations. Finally, it discusses the importance of implementation, enforcement, and judicial interpretation in safeguarding fundamental rights in the context of AI regulation.